INTRODUCTION
It's a good idea for an Apple user to be aware of what a logic or graphic board failure means: where it comes from, how it can be addressed, and how to avoid it.
Some computer users approach a logic or graphics board failure as they would a terminal disease. It comes out of the blue. Nobody seems to know why it happens. Everything’s fine for years and then, suddenly, your world is turned upside down. (Thankfully, it's also relatively rare.)
I don't believe that logic or graphics board failures "just happen." But the good news is that you can ensure the long life of your investment with the right know-how.
In this blog, I've attempted to consolidate many of the things I’ve learned about this subject. Instead of having to read through hundreds of pages of text from support groups, blogs, and online articles, this article pulls together some of the most succinct arguments I’ve found. (With more information, the information will be even more accurate over time.)
WHAT IS A LOGIC BOARD?
The Mac's logic board is synonymous with the PC's "motherboard." It's typically comprised of the main circuit board of a computer. It contains the central processing unit, main system memory, as well as circuitry that controls the disk drives, keyboard, monitor, and peripheral devices.
WHAT CAUSES LOGIC BOARD FAILURE?
Despite considerable attention to the topic, there's still confusion and uncertainty among users. Even with computing professionals, answers are hard to come by. Although this discussion specifically addresses problems with a few Apple portables, the issue is familiar to every laptop maker.
The MacBook and MacBook Pro are highly rated for reliability and customer service - but every machine has a weakness. Some failures result from faults in manufacturing, as with some gently-used units that fail only months after purchase. This doesn't happen often...but it definitely happens.
During manufacture, the MacBook logic board is soldered to the graphics board. More specifically, a connection that is imprecisely or inadequately soldered can partially or fully lose functionality. This explains why there's such a wide range of "symptoms" to a logic/graphics board failure; the electronic components share adjacent solders, with varying loss of functionality. (This also helps explain why logic board faults take so long to appear; typically, well after purchase, when the solder begins to lose strength.)
(Some Mac veterans will recall that a similar problem occurred with G4 iBooks. Soldering problems resulted from cracking and disconnected circuits, resulting in failed logic boards. Learn more here.)
Repeatedly increasing and lowering temperatures is another potential area of stress. Some feel that exposure to hostile environments, like "hot and humid" to "cold," attracts condensation and wear over time.
A few users prefer a simpler explanation: it just happens. A logic board fails, and has to be fixed.
Apple offers no explanation for why logic board problems occur.
HOW TO RECOGNIZE LOGIC BOARD PROBLEMS
Despite considerable attention to the topic, there's still confusion and uncertainty among users. Even with computing professionals, answers are hard to come by. Although this discussion specifically addresses problems with a few Apple portables, the issue is familiar to every laptop maker.
The MacBook and MacBook Pro are highly rated for reliability and customer service - but every machine has a weakness. Some failures result from faults in manufacturing, as with some gently-used units that fail only months after purchase. This doesn't happen often...but it definitely happens.
During manufacture, the MacBook logic board is soldered to the graphics board. More specifically, a connection that is imprecisely or inadequately soldered can partially or fully lose functionality. This explains why there's such a wide range of "symptoms" to a logic/graphics board failure; the electronic components share adjacent solders, with varying loss of functionality. (This also helps explain why logic board faults take so long to appear; typically, well after purchase, when the solder begins to lose strength.)
(Some Mac veterans will recall that a similar problem occurred with G4 iBooks. Soldering problems resulted from cracking and disconnected circuits, resulting in failed logic boards. Learn more here.)
Repeatedly increasing and lowering temperatures is another potential area of stress. Some feel that exposure to hostile environments, like "hot and humid" to "cold," attracts condensation and wear over time.
A few users prefer a simpler explanation: it just happens. A logic board fails, and has to be fixed.
Apple offers no explanation for why logic board problems occur.
HOW TO RECOGNIZE LOGIC BOARD PROBLEMS
Nobody said computers were easy, and Mac logic board symptoms can be especially confusing. Commercially available programs cannot diagnose the problem with any accuracy. The symptoms can vary, but unexplained crashes, problems booting, odd noises like clicking or grinding and/or corrupted or inconsistent display issues are typically associated with logic board problems. If the graphics board is involved, you may see a white screen and/or spinning pinwheels. Several of these “symptoms” are common to a wide array of software or hardware problems, so thoroughly research the issue before drawing premature conclusions.
In some cases, resetting the SMC can fix overheating issues.
In some cases, resetting the SMC can fix overheating issues.
eHow offers a selection of clearly-written articles on diagnosing a bad logic board:
Signs of a Bad Logic Board
Testing a Logic Board
Diagnosing a Logic Board
Signs of a Bad Logic Board
Testing a Logic Board
Diagnosing a Logic Board
The Houston Chronicle also has a detailed, informative article on diagnosing logic board problems.
It would be great if there were a foolproof, electronic technique for diagnosing a logic/graphics board problem; however, the best you can do is deduce the problem from the clues at your disposal. The specific locus of the problem likely to be small, and difficult for a non-professional to find.
It would be great if there were a foolproof, electronic technique for diagnosing a logic/graphics board problem; however, the best you can do is deduce the problem from the clues at your disposal. The specific locus of the problem likely to be small, and difficult for a non-professional to find.
Once you've done your research, and you're still convinced you have a problem, you should visit your local Apple Store/Genius Bar for an appointment. The consultation is free, and the information may give you all the information you need to make a decision.
HOW TO FIX LOGIC BOARD PROBLEMS
Once you’ve determined that your computer has a logic board problem, you're going to have to make some choices.
- Your unit is still under warranty. If you purchased your computer from Apple, your unit is warranted for a full year. If you suspect logic board problems, the Apple Store/Genius Bar is the first place you should visit. They'll inform you what the problem is, if it needs to be repaired, and how long it's going to take. (In the first year of ownership, you can purchase an extended warranty of three years, for an additional $249.00.)
- Your unit is not under warranty. If you have a logic board problem and aren't covered by the warranty anymore - you’ll likely have to pay for the repair. The price for repair and replacement of the parts will probably be around $600. The repair is warranted for ninety days, and is only valid for problems resulting from the repair.
- Self-repair options. Some intrepid Mac users with technical expertise have opted to repair the computer on their own. Several uTube videos describe how the process works, and you should be able to find text online, as well. The most popular method is to disassemble the board, heat it up, and reflow the flux - which theoretically could get your computer working again - for awhile, anyway. Needless to say, this is risky and potentially dangerous. Aside from potentially damaging your machine, the fumes can be toxic.
- Extended warranty. Certain MacBook Pros from 2007 and 2008 were eligible for extended warranty thanks to a legal judgment. However, the extended warranty period has expired. You'll have to investigate other options.
- Third-Party repair. Several companies offer low-cost repair of the Mac logic board, often for less than what Apple charges. Not all units can be repaired, however, and sometimes the job will require additional work. Several reputable vendors have demonstrated success and dependability; Powerbook Medic leads the list nationally. Local repair shops are too numerous to mention.
- Get a new unit (or a different computer). If you're fed up with repair bills, purchasing a new machine is a conservative but reliable choice. You can list your non-working or disabled MacBook on eBay to recoup some of your initial investment; if you choose to do this, it's important to be as detailed and accurate in your description as possible.
COOKING THE BOOKS - AND OTHER FIXES
Some users want to know how to fix the logic board themselves. I wouldn't dare do it myself; but only in the interest of free speech, I'll link you to fellow users who have tried and succeeded. Please note that, if you decide to reflow the solder, this may invalidate any eligibility for an extended warranty. Professional repair is your best option.
iFixit offers detailed instructions on Mac repair, regardless of the model.
Moreover, several users have posted their own solutions:
Baking My MacBook
MacBook Pro Video Repair
The Oven Trick
Heat Gun
Baking Recipe
Baking Method
Fixes like "solder reflow" may succeed in the short term but, on average, end up lasting around four months.
LIQUID SPILL DISASTERS
If spillage affects the logic board, there's still a fair chance of success - presuming it's not too much liquid. The logic board may be okay. Again, professional repair is your best option, though the following links include advice from those who have succeeded with their repair:
Red Wine Spill
Mac Liquid Spillage
Spilled Liquid on My Machine
Laptop Repairs
LEGAL MEASURES
When it comes to subjects like liability, however, it’s rarely just “black and white.” Apple's internal decisions and legal policies may change, and it's good to be aware of your rights. This useful link from Cult of Mac addresses problems with defective Apple products.
When a hardware flaw, as with a logic/video board, occurs very frequently, legal action is a real possibility. Visit a lawyer, and retain Apple Support discussions and error logs. It may seem counterintuitive, but making this kind of fault public can make Apple products better over time.
When a hardware flaw, as with a logic/video board, occurs very frequently, legal action is a real possibility. Visit a lawyer, and retain Apple Support discussions and error logs. It may seem counterintuitive, but making this kind of fault public can make Apple products better over time.
If you’re frustrated with Apple’s treatment of the logic board issue, you can initiate or join a suit - individual or class action. There’s no guarantee that that law will rule in your favor. But Apple has lost this type of proceeding several times; several State and Federal suits are currently being investigated or litigated. A few deal with the logic board issue.
AVOIDING LOGIC BOARD PROBLEMS
Some problems with logic or graphics boards can result from failed hardware; in other cases, it may be from weaknesses in the design combined with daily use. You can improve the life of your computer by following a few basic rules.
FAULTY WORKMANSHIP
Occasionally, a MBP will exhibit logic/graphics board problems from the start. Your best and only option is to make sure it's fully covered for the cost of potential repairs. This is the most appropriate time to purchase long-term coverage through AppleCare. However, early and frequent problems are likely to recur in these cases.
HEAT
FAULTY WORKMANSHIP
Occasionally, a MBP will exhibit logic/graphics board problems from the start. Your best and only option is to make sure it's fully covered for the cost of potential repairs. This is the most appropriate time to purchase long-term coverage through AppleCare. However, early and frequent problems are likely to recur in these cases.
HEAT
Certain activities, like word processing and accessing email, place few demands on a modern computer system. Others generate more heat:
- 3D video games
- multitasking demanding computer tasks
- streaming or watching video
- processing or rendering audio or video data
- ripping and burning media
- processing or compressing video
- 3D video games
- multitasking demanding computer tasks
- streaming or watching video
- processing or rendering audio or video data
- ripping and burning media
- processing or compressing video
Other times, the way you use your computer may lead to heating issues. This can include the following:
- CPU-intensive activities like 3D gaming for extended periods of time are risky.
- Using your notebook on your lap can raise its temperature thirty or more degrees.
- Dust or dirt can choke the fans, increasing temperatures and even the risk of fire.
- Accidentally leaving your portable powered when the case is closed can harm your portable.
- CPU-intensive activities like 3D gaming for extended periods of time are risky.
- Using your notebook on your lap can raise its temperature thirty or more degrees.
- Dust or dirt can choke the fans, increasing temperatures and even the risk of fire.
- Accidentally leaving your portable powered when the case is closed can harm your portable.
If your portable computer is very hot, there's an increased chance of logic board issue. If the temperature consistently exceeds 210ºF, an eventual failure is almost guaranteed.
That doesn’t mean that you should avoid intensive computing; however, a portable isn’t a desktop computer. For a Mac, it’s a good idea to reduce your operating temperature:
That doesn’t mean that you should avoid intensive computing; however, a portable isn’t a desktop computer. For a Mac, it’s a good idea to reduce your operating temperature:
- Download free software to cool down your system. Fan Control allows you to increase the fan if your computing becomes more demanding. iStat Pro and iStat Menus allow you to keep track of your temperatures, so you can spot potential risks. gfxCardStatus may help some newer Macs manage graphic loads.
- Use a cooling pad. Some come with USB connections to increase air flow. But for me, the xPad Slim offers acceptable passive heat dispersion (or at least doesn't make things worse); a cooling pad like Cooler Master decreases temperatures by around 20 degrees.
- Avoid using your laptop in humid environments, or in places where you may experience extremes of temperature. This can lead to condensation inside your computer.
Following these steps will, for many users, markedly reduce the chance of a logic board failure. It won't eliminate them, but most will find a sizable reduction of this pricey problem. Make sure your MBP's internal temperature is consistently below 140ºF, and never exceeds 175ºF.
WATER
WATER
- Spillage can cause all sorts of problems. A few have been able to escape damage from spillage, but sugary soft drinks are a virtual death sentence. Computer forums from every platform have discussions about this avoidable problem, and the message never changes: keep liquid away from your machine. Some notebook computers have liquid sensors, so even fibbing about innocent spillage will end with the same result: expensive computer bills.
- Cleaning solutions. One of the best ways to keep your notebook computer clean is to use a microfiber cloth. If you need a more thorough cleaning, a product like iKlear might hit the spot. iKlear is a mild, antistatic solution that has been proven to work safely with a variety of electronics. Product information should be consulted for specific advice, but it bears mentioning that your computer should be powered off during cleaning, and you should never spray the computer itself. Instead, spray the liquid onto microfiber cloth, and wipe the computer with the moistened cloth.
- Take care with “wet” skins. Some users like to apply skins to electronic devices like iPods to reduce wear. Applying skins like Bodyguardz to laptops is more of a challenge, and usually involves vials of weak detergent solution. It is easy to spill liquid on (or in) your computer - and unintentionally cause damage.
DUST
It's easy for dust to build up in a MBP, rendering the fans ineffectual. Every year, I unscrew the lid of my machine and spray compressed air to disperse the accumulation of dust. You won't be able to get everything. You just want to get rid of dust blockages and reduce the heat.
EXTREMES IN CONDITIONS
Apple discloses the range of use for the MacBook on their "MacBook Pro Tech Specs." If, however, your machine is no longer under warranty, it's the user's responsibility to deal with problems resulting everyday use. Keep the machine away from extremes in temperature or humidity, as these conditions may have long-term effects on your computer.
It's impossible to eliminate all logic board problems...but you can substantially reduce the risk.
CONCLUSIONS
If you experience a logic board issue, you have a surprisingly wide range of options; it may come down to how much you want to spend. In any case, you might be surprised how altering a few habits might improve your longterm outlook.
It's easy for dust to build up in a MBP, rendering the fans ineffectual. Every year, I unscrew the lid of my machine and spray compressed air to disperse the accumulation of dust. You won't be able to get everything. You just want to get rid of dust blockages and reduce the heat.
EXTREMES IN CONDITIONS
Apple discloses the range of use for the MacBook on their "MacBook Pro Tech Specs." If, however, your machine is no longer under warranty, it's the user's responsibility to deal with problems resulting everyday use. Keep the machine away from extremes in temperature or humidity, as these conditions may have long-term effects on your computer.
It's impossible to eliminate all logic board problems...but you can substantially reduce the risk.
CONCLUSIONS
If you experience a logic board issue, you have a surprisingly wide range of options; it may come down to how much you want to spend. In any case, you might be surprised how altering a few habits might improve your longterm outlook.
